Berlin Wall and Walls

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Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer )

***** Location: Germany
***** Season: Non-seasonal Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Die Mauer in Berlin. Der Eiserne Vorhang.
Iron Curtain. curtain of iron

Berlin Wall, former barrier
surrounding West Berlin
and symbol of the Cold War,
built on August 13, 1961

Opened by East Germans on
November 9, 1989 and torn down
by end of 1990, as Communism
collapsed and Cold War ended

http://www.dailysoft.com/berlinwall/

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The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer)
was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

Berlin Wall
a smooth stone
in my pocket

A haiku that both Bill and The Heron's Nest enjoyed.
H. Gene Murtha (May 2006)

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Berlin Wall
on TV I saw its fall
in Fall

"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)

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to seventeen year old son
curtain of iron
is history

Winnie Cross

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the west
sees the sun rise
in the east

Yajushi


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Contributions from Chen-ou Liu, Canada

Berlin 1961 –
walls within walls
within walls?

published on Haiku News (Nov., 16, 2009)



a young girl smiles...
a large hole
in the Berlin Wall
(for Gabi)


Note:
My haiku alludes to one of iconic photos celebrating the East German government's historic announcement made on 9 November 1989: that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany and West Berlin.

The visual focus of this photo is a young West German girl smiling at her father as she points to a large hole in the Berlin Wall on Nov. 11, 1989, while a row of East German soldiers stand on the top of the Wall turn their eyes away from the girl.



summer twilight
alone in the attic, watching
Berlin '61

Note:
My haiku was written in response to an op-ed piece, titled Tearing Down Berlin's Mental Wall: The fall of the Berlin Wall did not mean the end of the "wall in the mind," published in The New York Times today, August 13, 2011.



Berlin '61 is the English title of a 2006 German TV movie, Die Mauer.

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

古壁やどの穴からも秋の月
furu kabe ya dono ana kara mo aki no tsuki

this old wall -
through every hole
the autumn moon
Tr. Gabi Greve


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Related words

. Firewall, "sleeve wall" (udatsu) .

. Great Wall of China .　　

. Stone wall (ishigaki) . 　


. Temple walls from Yonago town, Japan . 　


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- quote
kabe　壁 wall
In traditional Japanese architecture, walls are generally non-supporting curtain walls, that is, light weight walls that do not support the roof structure. They serve to enclose spaces, and divide interior space. Walls are made of mud mixed with straw and covered with a slightly rough mud plaster surface. In temple buildings, white plaster is added as a finish coat. There are also wooden board walls made with boards set horizontally, but vertical boards are sometimes used.
- source : JAANUS


earth walls of a Japanese home 土壁 tsuchikabe

hikizuir kabe ひきずり壁 / 引き摺り
- reference -

hotarukabe, hotaru kabe 蛍壁 "firefly wall"
- reference -

kawarabei 瓦塀

. namakokabe 海鼠壁 Namako plaster wall .

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Ootsu migaki, Ootsu-migaki 大津磨き　
- quote
Kyomigaki, also known as Otsumigaki or polished Otsu, is a polished earthen-lime finish often used in entrance ways and stair wells, that is, anywhere a more durable finish is desired. In pre-industrial Japan, due to it's energy intensive nature, hydrated lime was a valuable commodity and was used sparing. Kyomigaki uses roughly the minimum amount of lime needed to polish an earthen plaster, which provides a more durable surface than mizugone or nori-tsuchi, other popular earth based Japanese finishes. The following describes the preparation and application of Kyomigaki.
- source : japaneseplastering.blogspot.jp

- - - - - also introducing
Compressed Otsu (earth, hydrated lime, hemp fibers)
Mizugone (earth, fine sand, fine straw fibers)
Juraku Mizugone (Juraku soil, fine sand, fine straw fibers)
Juraku Norigone (Juraku soil, fine sand, fine straw fibers, seaweed glue)
Kirikaeshi Finish (earth, sand, straw fibers)
Noritushi Hikizuri (earth, sand, fiber, seaweed glue)
Arakabe Finish (clay soil, chopped straw)
Hotarukabe - Firefly Finish (clay, sand, straw fibers)
Kyosabi Finish (clay, sand, straw fibers, iron frangments)
Hainaka (earth, hydrated lime, sand, straw fibers)
Scratched Earth-Cement (cement, earth, lime, sand, pigment, straw fibers)
Tataki (sandy soil, hydrated lime, magnesium chloride)
Exposed Aggregate　(cement, aggregate)
Shikkui Hikizuri
Tosa Shikkui
- Colored Clays list

- Look at the samples here :
- source : japaneseplastering.

tools - kote こて History of Japanese Trowels
- source : japaneseplastering.

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parari kabe ぱらり壁 , パラリ仕上

shikkui 漆喰 plaster, stucco

. sujibei 筋塀 temple wall .

Taikobei 太閤塀 at Sanjusangen-do


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tsuijibei 築地塀 Tsuiji wall



- quote -
Also called tsuijibei 築地塀; tsuigaki 築垣 or 築墻.
A formal style fence made by pounding a mixture of mud and clay between wooden frames, seki-ita 堰板. The process used to make a fence tsuiji, is called *hanchiku 版築. Slanted posts *subashira 須柱, are set 1.8m-2m apart so that the fence as seen in cross section is broader at the base than at the top. The horizontal timbers that run between these posts are called jougisuji 定規筋. The posts at each end are called kaigatabashira 貝形柱. Usually, a tiled *kawara 瓦, gable roof *kirizuma yane 切妻屋根, is constructed on top of the most formal type of fence. Cypress bark *hiwadabuki 桧皮葺, roofing was sometimes used.
Mud fences without a wooden framework or a roof but reinforced with broken rock tiles, are called *dobei 土塀.
Sometimes boards were used to cover the top of a simple mud fence. These are called agetsuchi tsuiji 上土築地. Sujibei 筋塀 are fences decorated with tile fragments and white lines, placed near the joints of the boards that support the pounded mud-clay. Five parallel white plaster lines signify nobility and monzeki ji-in 門跡寺院, temples to which a member of the imperial family has retired.
A *neribei 練塀 fence is constructed with alternate layers of dried clay bricks and kneaded mud. It is sometimes made of boards with only the front side plastered. A large tsuiji is called *oogaki 大垣. The earliest extant tsuiji dates from the Kamakura period. An example exists at Nishi no Miya Jinja 西宮神社 in Hyougo prefecture.
- reference source : Jaanus -


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***** Iron Curtain
Eiserner Vorhang, Germany


***** Wailing Wall
Klagemauer, Jerusalem




***** . Grafitti / Graffiti / Graffitti
Berlin Wall Art and Graffiti



. Place Names used in Haiku 　



. WKD : GERMAN SAIJIKI


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